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基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 1996. Transl. by Thomas Dunlap. Combines exhaustive research with capsule biographies of key scientists to overturn certain assumptions about science under the Nazi regime.
Full Description
On the subject of science in Nazi Germany, we are apt to hear about the collaboration of some scientists, the forced emigration of talented Jewish scientists, the general science phobia of leaders of the Third Reich - but little detail about what actually transpired. "Biologists Under Hitler" examines the impact of Nazism on the lives and research of a generation of German biologists. Drawing on previously unutilized archival material, Ute Deichmann, herself a biologist, explores not only what happened to the biologists forced to emigrate but also the careers, science and crimes of those who stayed in Germany. "Biologists Under Hitler" combines research with capsule biographies of key scientists to overturn certain assumptions about science under the Nazi regime. Biological research, for instance, was neither neglected nor underfunded during World War II; funding by the German Research Association (DFG) in fact increased tenfold between 1933 and 1938, and genetic research in particular flourished. Deichmann shows that the forced emigration of Jews had a less significant impact in biology than in other fields.
Furthermore, she reveals that the widely observed decline in German biology after 1945 was not caused primarily by the Third Reich's science policy or by the expulsion of biologists but was due to the international isolation of German scientists as part of the legacy of National Socialism. Her book also provides evidence of German scientists' conscious misrepresentation after the war of their wartime activities. In this regard, Deichmann's capsule biography of Konrad Lorenz is telling. "Biologists Under Hitler" should interest historians of science, historians of the Nazi era, and biologists, as well as those who wish to learn about the relationship between scientific truth and political realities.
Contents
Part 1 The expulsion and emigration of scientists, 1933-1939 - a brief summary of legal measures; "non-Aryan" dismissals and emigrations; political dismissals and emigrations; the impact of the expulsion of biologists on research in germany; Viktor Hamburger and Johannes Holtfreter: the expulsion of two eminent experimental embryologists; dismissed biologists able to continue their work in Germany; Karl von Frisch, the Mischling, and the solidarity of his colleagues; the return of emigre biologists to scientific institutes in germany after 1945; Wiedergutmachung in public and civil service; Gerta von Ubisch: the emigration and return of a professor. Part 2 NSDAP membership, careers, and research funding - NSDAP membership; the significance of NSDAP membership for habilitation and appointments; the chair in zoology in Munster, 1935-1937; "German biology": the example of Ernst Lehmann; the Notgemeinschaft (Emergency Association) of German science, the German research association, and the Reich Research Council under national socialism; funding for biological projects by the DFG and the RFR, 1933-1945, and the significance of NSDAP membership; research funding for biologists at universities and Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes; research funding and the quality of research; funding according to individuals and specialities; the political and ideological background to research funding. Part 3 The content and result of research at universities - botany; zoology; Konrad Lorenz, ethology, and national socialist racial doctrine. Part 4 The content and result of research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes - the KWI for biology, Berlin-Dahlem; the division for virus research of the KWIs for biology and biochemistry, Berlin-Dahlem; the KWI for cultivated plant research, Tuttenholf; the KWI for breeding research (Erwin Baur Institute), Muncheberg; the genetic department of the KWI for brain research, Berlin-Buch; the KWI for biophysics, Franfurt; the department of hereditary pathology of the KWI for anthropology, human genetics, and eugenics, Berlin-Dahlem: the example of Hans Nachtsheim. Part 5 Scientific research by the SS - the scientific interests of Heinrich Himmler; The SS Research and Teaching Society Das Ahnenerbe; Heinz Brucher at the Ahnenerbe's Institute for plant genetic, Lannach; Eduard May at the Ahnenerbe's entomological Institute, Dachau; SS research at the University of Jena: Gerhard Heberer, human origins, and the Nordic race. Part 6 Research to develop biological weapons - the working group Blitzableiter; biological warfare research under deputy Reich; physician Fuhrer Kurt Blome. (Part contents).
