Shi'i Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq : The 'Ulama' of Najaf and Karbala' (Cambridge Middle East Studies)

Litvak, Meir

Cambridge University Press（1998/07発売）

• 製本 Hardcover:ハードカバー版／ページ数 272 p.
• 言語 ENG
• 商品コード 9780521623568
• DDC分類 297.82095675

Full Description

In the nineteenth century, the shrine cities of Najaf and Karbala in Ottoman Iraq emerged as the most important Shi'i centres of learning. In a major contribution to the study of pre-modern Middle Eastern religious institutions, Meir Litvak analyses the social and political dynamics of these communities. Tracing the historical evolution of Shi'i leadership, he explores the determinants of social status amongst the ulama, the concept of patronage, the structure of learning, questions of ethnicity, and financial matters. He also assesses the role of the ulama as communal leaders who, in the face of a hostile Sunni government in Baghdad, were often obliged to adopt a more quietest political stance than their counterparts in Iran. This is an important book which sheds light on the formation of contemporary Shi'ism and the surrounding debates.

Contents

Acknowledgements; Note on transliteration; List of abbreviations; Map; Introduction; Part I. The Community: Learning and Leadership: 1. The community of learning: concept and organization; 2. Leadership in the age of multiple centers; 3. Monopolization of leadership in Najaf; 4. Diffusion, centralization and politicization; 5. Determinants of status and leadership; Part II. The 'Ulama' Between the Ottomans and Qajars: 6. The shrine cities, the Mamluks and Iran; 7. The 'ulama' and the reassertion of direct Ottoman control; 8. The 'ulama' and Ottoman centralization policy; 9. The changing political triangle, 1875-1904; Conclusion; Appendix; Notes; Glossary; Bibliography; Index.