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Full Description
Across the modern political spectrum, left-wing and right-wing political theorists have invested sport with ideological significance. That significance, however, varies distinctively and characteristically with the ideology—a phenomenon John Hoberman terms "ideological differentiation." Taking this phenomenon as its point of departure, this provocative work interprets the major sport ideologies of the twentieth century as distinct expressions of political doctrine.
Hoberman argues that a political ideology's interpretation of sport is shaped in part by the value it assigns to work and play as modes of experience; the political anthropologies of right and left can be distinguished by examining their resistance to—or affinity for—sportive imagery of their leaders and of the state itself; there exists a fascist temperament that shows an affinity to athleticism and the sphere of the body that is not shared by the left.
Tracing modern sport ideology back to its premodern antecedents, Hoberman examines the interpretations of sport that have been promulgated by European political intellectuals, such as cultural conservatives and contemporary neo-Marxists, and by the official ideologists of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic, and China before and after Mao.
As a form of mass theater, sport can advertise any ideology. But the deeper relationship between sport and political ideology has never before been explored wth such vigor. Presenting the first general theory of sport and political ideology to appear in any language, Hoberman's groundbreaking work is a unique and invaluable contribution to the intellectual and political history of sport in the twentieth century.
Contents
Acknowledgments
1. Sport in the Age of Ideology
Sport and Ideology
The Symbolic Power of Sport
Sport and Ideological Differentiation
Blood Sport as an Ideological Variable
A Postscript on Ideology and American Sport
2. The Labor-Leisure Dialectic and the Origins of Ideology
The Problem of Origins
The Marxists and Prehistory
The Marxists on Labor and Play
The Conservatives and Prehistory
Johan Huizinga and Josef Pieper versus the Marxists
The Metaphysical Roots of the Quarrel
3. The Body as an Ideological Variable: Sportive Imagery of Leadership and the State
Theoretical Introduction
Narcissistic Types of Body Display
Sportive Imagery and the Leader: The Fascist Political Athlete
Sportive Imagery and the Leader: Marxism's Renunciation of the Political Athlete
Sportive Images of the State: Toward a Fascist Style
Marxism's Renunciation of the Sportive (Organic) State
4. The Political Psychologies of the Sportive and Antisportive Temperaments
Fascism and the Sportive Temperament
Nietzsche and the Authority of the Body
Fascist Style and Sportive Manhood
Sport and the Left Intellectuals
Virility and the Left
What Marx Did Not Know
5. From Amateurism to Nihilism: Sport, Cultural Conservatism, and the Critique of Modernity
Sport and the Intellectuals
An Early Sociology of Sport
Ambivalent Liberalism: Sport and Rational Planning
Radical Disillusion: Sport and the Spiritual Vacuum
"Christian Fatalism": Sport and the Decline of Values
Aristocratic Vitalism: Culture and the Sportive Style of Life
The Critique of the Spectator
6. Nazi Sport Theory: Racial Heroism and the Critique of Sport
The Doctrine of the Body
The Nazi Critique of Sport
A Comparative Perspective
7. The Origins of Socialist Sport: Marxist Sport Culture in the Years of Innocence
Early Soviet Sport Ideology
The Workers' Sport Movement in Germany, 1893-1933
8. Sport in the Soviet Union: Stalinization and the New Soviet Athlete
Sport, Labor, and the New Soviet Man
The New Stakhanovites
The Soviet Critique of Sport
9. The Sport Culture of East Germany: Optimism and the Rationalization of the Body
The Origins of East German Sport Culture
Sport, Play, and the Labor-Leisure Dialectic
The Technological Human of the Future
The Role of Tradition
The Critique of Capitalist Sport
10. Purism and the Flight from the Superman: The Rise and Fall of Maoist Sport
The Origins of Maoist Sport
Maoist Sport Ideology
The End of Maoist Sport
11. Toward the Abolition of "Sport": Neo-Marxist Sport Theory
Historical Background
The Neo-Marxist Critique of Sport
The Frankfurt School on Sport and the Body
Notes
Bibliography
Index
